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unconscious

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[B]y reinterpreting Freudianism in terms of language, a pre-eminently social activity, Lacan permits us to explore the relations between the unconscious and human society. One way of describing his work is to say that he makes us recognize that the unconscious is not some kind of seething, tumultuous, private region __nside_ us, but an effect of our relations with one another. The unconscious is, so to speak, __utside_ rather than __ithin_ us _ or rather it exists __etween_ us, as our relationships do.

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Terry Eagleton

Literary Theory: An Introduction

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Lacan, as we have seen in our discussion of Freud, regards the unconscious as structured like a language. This is not only because it works by metaphor and metonymy: it is also because, like language itself for the post-structuralists, it is composed less of signs _ stable meanings _ than of signifiers. If you dream of a horse, it is not immediately obvious what this signifies: it may have many contradictory meanings, may be just one of a whole chain of signifiers with equally multiple meanings. The image of the horse, that is to say, is not a sign in Saussure__ sense - it does not have one determined signified tied neatly to its tail - but is a signifier which may be attached to many different signifieds, and which may itself bear the traces of the other signifiers which surround it. (I was not aware, when I wrote the above sentence, of the word-play involved in __orse_ and __ail_: one signifier interacted with another against my conscious intention.) The unconscious is just a continual movement and activity of signifiers, whose signifieds are often inaccessible to us because they are repressed. This is why Lacan speaks of the unconscious as a __liding of the signified beneath the signifier_, as a constant fading and evaporation of meaning, a bizarre __odernist_ text which is almost unreadable and which will certainly never yield up its final secrets to interpretation.

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Terry Eagleton

Literary Theory: An Introduction